"双二元"就业制度中的农村劳动力转移——基于劳动力市场结构的政府作用分析

我国劳动力就业制度不仅呈现出"二元化"特征,而且更是"双二元"特征;劳动力市场供求结构失衡的长期存在是二元化特征形成的市场原因。市场机制不能自行调整,只有通过政府力量介入农村教育资源配置过程,引导私人资本进入农村教育市场,实现农村的人力资本禀赋积累增长,才能够从根本上消除我国劳动力市场配置体制中的"双二元"特征。最后,提出相应的应对措施建议。     

劳动力成本提高条件下如何保持竞争力

近年来我国劳动力成本呈上升趋势,许多人担心我们在国际市场上的竞争优势将被削弱。文章认为,对此既要防止无所作为,又要避免反应过度。只要能够实现增长方式的转变,仍然可以获得动态比较优势的收益,寻找到新的经济增长源泉。应通过改善就业、再就业环境,挖掘劳动力供给的制度潜力,延缓劳动力成本上升趋势;避免对劳动力市场的过度干预;通过发展教育和培训,有效扩大人力资本存量,减少劳动力成本带来的冲击。     

农业部门劳动力再配置、农村非农化与中国农村经济增长

文章通过在二元经济增长模型中引入内生经济增长思想的基础上,构建了一个能够较好地对中国农村经济增长进行模拟和解释的理论模型.整个模型将中国农村经济增长划分为传统农业阶段、非农产业发展阶段与"反哺"阶段三个时间段,并着重分析了农业剩余的出现与非农产业的发展,这也是中国农村经济改革之所以成功最为重要的一段时期.文章最终认为,农村经济发展的最终目的应该是促进农业与非农产业的协调发展,以推进社会主义新农村建设、构建社会主义和谐社会.     

1996-2005年中国农业剩余劳动力的估算——基于随机前沿模型的分析

本文采用随机前沿分析方法,利用省际面板数据对我国农业剩余劳动力的数量和比例进行了估算,并分析了剩余劳动力的变化趋势.根据本文的估算,1996年以来我国剩余劳动力没有明显的下降趋势, 目前我国农业剩余劳动力数量约为1亿人,约占全部农业劳动力的三分之一.农业剩余劳动力的变化与经济增长有着密切的联系,保持较快的经济增长速度,在非农部门创造更多就业机会,加快农业劳动力向其他部门的转移,是减少农业剩余劳动力的根本途径.     

The times they are not changin’: Days and hours of work in Old and New Worlds, 1870–2000

This paper brings a historical perspective to debates on worktime differences across OECD countries, exploiting new data sets on hours of work per week, and days and hours of work per year between 1870 and 2000. We contest the popular view that the divergence in worktimes between Europe and North America and Australia is a recent phenomenon. Since 1870 the decline in weekly and annual hours was consistently greater in the Old World; the New World has had fewer days off for the last 130 years. Labor power and inequality, held to be important determinants of worktime after 1970, had comparable effects in the period before 1913. We find that given their levels of income in 1870 New World workers supplied relatively too many hours of work.     

Multi-dimensional contracts with task-specific productivity: an application to universities

Academics produce science and teaching which requires specific unobservable characteristics. Applying the multi-dimensional screening methodology of Armstrong and Rochet (European Economic Review, 43, 959–979, 1999), it is shown that universities optimally propose a menu of contracts to academics: high powered incentives for those who are productive and lower ones for other agents. In some cases, the university can write a single contract for both tasks to increase production. An academic is then expected to produce more teaching to show that she likes science, which is an argument to produce science and teaching in a single institution: universities. These results are discussed in light of economic, sociological and educational literature.      

菲律宾海外劳务经营模式研究

菲律宾是世界上第一个运用"分布式经济"模式的国家,出国劳务有力支撑和推动了该国经济的发展。菲律宾对劳务输出的健全管理、系统培训、政策支持、法律保护等各种措施,都值得中国借鉴。     

Productivity differences and the dynamic effects of labor movements

Barriers to labor mobility across countries coexist with substantial differences in living standards largely attributable to productivity differences. A growth model with endogenous labor movements is used to assess the effects on output, capital accumulation and welfare of removing barriers to labor mobility. The model is parameterized so that it is consistent with evidence on historical labor movements, and is applied to two cases: the enlargement of the European Union and the (hypothetical) creation of a common labor market in the North America. The main finding is that there are large resulting gains in terms of output and welfare.     

劳动力市场的横向分割与纵向分割之比较

本文以劳动力市场的横向分割与纵向分割两种分割系统为线索,力求对分割理论和现实情况进行勾勒与诠释,主要从生成因素、经济效应、应对之策三个维度对两者展开比较,试图对该研究领域的诸多观点进行梳理与整合。     

广西农村劳动力素质面临的问题及对策

广西是农业大省区,农村人口占绝大多数,这就决定了广西要实现全面建设小康社会的目标,必须把重点放在农村。广西作为我国经济发展相对滞后的地区,也是我国农村建设过程中面临问题最多最迫切需要解决的地区。本文就西部地区的广西的劳动力素质所面临的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策,这对于实现全面的小康社会,构建和谐社会,建设社会主义新农村仍有着深远的现实意义。